Chill for car-wheels



(No Model.)

L. R. FAUGHT.

CHILL FOR GAR WHEELS.

Patented May '7, 1889.

FIG.|. L Q 1 9* Fig.2.

E l! Illllll 8 HHIII HHIIIIINIIIIillllllllll UN TED STATES ATENT OFFICE,

LUTHER R. FAUGIIT, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CHILL FOR CAR-WHEELS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,664, dated May 7, 1889.

Application filed April '7, 1887.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUTHER R. FAUGHT, of the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Chills for -Gar-Wheels, of which improvement the following is a specification.

In the manufacture of cast-iron chilled wheels and tires two classes of chills, possessmg, respectively, distinctively different features, have heretofore been and are at present employed. That which was first introduced and is most generally in use is a metallic mold formed of a solid or undivided ring of iron corresponding in internal form and dimensions with the tread of the wheel desired and the inner face of its flange, when, as is generally the case, it is to be provided with a flange. Chills of such character, when heated by the molten metal poured thereinto, are immediately expanded outwardly by the sudden and material increase of temperature thereby imparted to them. The class of chills more recently devised, and introduced to a considerable extent in practice, comprehends those formed of a solid or undivided outer section and an inn er section which is partially or fully divided throughout into a circular series of segmental blocks, united by bars or arms to the outer section and forming theinner face of the chill. These chills expand inwardly upon receiving and being heated by the molten metal, thereby contracting their inner faces, and are therefore known generically as contracting chills.

My invention relates to chills of the class last specified, and its object is to promote the contraction of the chill at the pouring of the molten metal, in order that the inner section of the chill may, by abutting closely and uniformly against the outer surface of the cast metal, properly and thoroughly effect the desired chilling of the tread or rim of the Wheel.

To this end my invention, generallystated, consists in a contracting chill having its inner and outer sections connected by bars so formed as to be subjected as fully as practicable to the action of the heat imparted from the molten metal, and thereby to exert by their expansion a corresponding tendency to Serial No. 234,065. (No model.)

inward movement upon the members of the inner section of the chill.

The improvement claimed is hereinafter fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a plan or top view of a portion of a chill embodying my invention, showing also a plan of portion of the cope; and Fig. 2 a vertical section through the cope, chill, and drag at the line 00 00 of Fig. 1.

In the practice of my invention I construct a chill which, as in prior instances of the class of contracting chills, is composed of a solid or continuous outer section or rim, 1, and an inner section formed of a circular series of chilling blocks or segments, 2, arranged closely adjacent one to the other, the inner surface of the ring or section formed by the series of blocks corresponding substantially with the treads of the wheels to be cast and being exposed to direct contact with the molten metal. The inner and outer sections are connected by a series of arms or expansion-bars, 3, each extending from one of the blocks of the inner section to the outer section. The blocks or segments 2 and expansion-bars 3 are herein shown, and are prefer-.

ably, cast integral with the outer section, 1, the blocks 2 being separated one from the other by narrow radial splits or divisions 4, which may be formed either by the insertion of suitable dividing-pieces in the mold in casting the chill or by sawing out subsequently thereto. The chill rests upon a drag, 7, having a bottom plate, 8, and a cope, 9, is placed upon its top, these members providing proper facilities for molding the wheel in the usual manner.

The governing principle of the class of contracting chills to which my invention relates, and which isexemplified in the chill herein shown and described, is the contraction of the chill toward and upon the tread of the wheel by the inward expansion of its inner section and the connecting-bars when heated 5 tion of the molten metal which forms the wheel, the chill cannot move inwardly toward the face or tread of the wheel with the same rapidity that the metal of the wheel shrinks or contracts in the same direction. The wheel being primarily hot molten metal and the chill cold solid metal, and the latter abstracting heat from the former, it is impossible for it to acquire a degree of temperature equal to that of the source from which its heat is derived, and consequently the greater rapidity of contraction will necessarily be induced in the wheel. The wheel therefore tends to recede from the inner surface of the chill, and the result of such tendency is adverse to the proper and thorough chilling of the tread, which is desired to be effected. It will hence be seen that the contractile force should be stimulated in the chill and rendered as fully as possible available in the wheel, to which object my invention is particularly directed.

As heretofore constructed, so faras .my knowledge and information extends, the expansion or connecting bars of contracting chills have been formed without regard to the furtherance of coincident contraction of the wheel and chill, they having been extended to the parting-lines at which the cope and necessarily the maximum. Under my invention'I relieve, as far as practicable, the expansion-bars 3 from the coolingactionabove indicated and enable their capacity of expan 'slon to be exerted to a higher degree than heretofore by forming said bars of less depth which adjoin the cope and dra By such construction the retardation of the expansion of the bars 3 by the abstraction of heat there-1 from by comparatively cool portions of the: mold is'prevented and a higher average-tem peratureis imparted to the bars-by themolten metal, with the result of increased expansion of the bars and consequent contraction orin ward movement of the inner chill-section, the advantage of which in theproduction of a uniformly and thoroughly chilled wheel has been hereinbefore indicated.

Fig. 2 illustrates an expansion-bar embodying theprinciple of my invention, the reduction in depth of which bar and difference of location of its top and bottom surfaces rela portions.

tively to the ordinary construction is carried out by forming its lowerside substantially in line with the rail-1i ne of the wheel or line'of contact of the rail and flange when in service, and in correspondingly depressing its upper slde below the top of the chill, so as to be slightly below the sand-edge portion of the wheel. A bar reduced in depth and located as to the parting-lines of the chill in the proportion as above will be found to carry out my improvement in practice in a desirable manner; but it will be obvious that such proportion of reduction of depth and relative level of the bar may be varied within reasonable limits in the discretion of the constructor without departing from the spirit of my invention. In the instance shown the bars are formed of uniform width throughout their length; but they may, if. preferred, be slightly tapered outwardly, so as to he of greaterwidthat their junction with the outer sectionof the chill than at their inner ends.

In the operation of contracting chills of the general type 'known .prior to-my.present 1nvention, as exemplified inI-letters Patent of the United States .No. 341,326, granted and issued to me under date of May 4, 1886, the action of the molten metal when brought in contact with the inner sections of'the chill is toinduce a stronger and more rapid inward expansion of theportions of said sections at and adjacent to a horizontal .plane passing intermediate between their upperand lower faces than at the portions adjacentto said faces, thereby tendingto change the-vertical .planes of their inner walls from substantlally straight to slightly-curved lines, and thus to induce a less depth of chill toward their tops and bottoms than attheir intermediate This unequal expansion 1s due to the coolinga-nd retarding action of the colder :portions of themold upon the closely-adjoining portions of the expansion-bars connecting theinner and outer sections of the chill. By forming said bars of reduced depth and connecting them to the inner sections within and entirelyclear of the parting-lines between the chill andthe cope and drag I not only promote theinward expansion of theinner sections, but obviate the tendencyto distortion and unequal chilling above mentioned, a result which is of material importance and practical value in enhancing the soundness and durability of the wheel and facilitating compliance with the comparatively rigid requirements provided by railroad companies in their regulations as to the inspectionand test of chilled wheels.purchased'from manufacturers.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a contracting chill,an expansionor connecting'bar of reduced depth relatively to the inner section-of the chill and having at its junctiontherewith its top face depressed IIO below the top of said inner section and its inner section and united to the latter Wholly bottom face elevated above the bottom there- Within and clear of its parting-faces, substanr IO of, substantially as set forth. tially as set forth.

2. The combination in a chill of a continuous rim or outer section,an inner section LUTHER FAUGHT' composed of a divided circular series of Witnesses: chilling blocks or segments, and a series of CHAS. E. PANCOAST, expansion-bars connecting the outer to the ANNIE OROURKE. 

